Unity

2018-04-29

2022-12-09

12 min. read

Unity is a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies, which is primarily used to develop video games and simulations for computers, consoles, and mobile devices.

Unity offers a powerful rendering engine and a comprehensive set of tools and features for creating interactive 3D content, making it a popular choice among game developers.

Unity is a complex system of various modules and packages:

Getting Started with Unity

There are quite a number of “Getting started with Unity” on other sites. We are working on creating our own, please check back soon.

Unity Shortcut Keys

CTRL + P = Play
CTRL + SHIFT + P = Pause
SPACEBAR Maximus panel

Right click + WASD = FPS movement

GUI Text

Import the Font you want to use.

Note: Normal Windows Fonts are located under Windows->Fonts

With the Font selected click Menu->Game Object->Create Other->GUI Text

A new GUI text will be created.

GUI works only on X and Y, if you want to place an object in front of another object. Use Z for Order (Higher numbers are on top)

GUI Texture

Import a PNG file to use with the GUI Texture

Select the newly imported file, then click Menu->Game Object->Create Other->GUI Texture

A new GUI texture will be created from the PNG file.
Scale to full screen
UIText and GUITexture uses ViewPort space.

Pixel Inset
x = 0
y = 0
width = 0
height = 0
Scale
x = 1
y = 1

3D Text

Menu->Game Object->Create Other->3D Text

Replace the default font, with the font you wish to use.

The text will most likely be distorted when you the any other Font other than arial.

To fix this:

Select the 3D text, under “Mesh Renderer” replace “font material” with the font material on your imported Font.

Now, it will be blurry:

To fix this:

Change the Font size to a bigger number
Go to 3D text and change the Character size to a smaller number.

Adjust the size till you are happy.

To make the 3D text selectable, add Menu->Component->Physics->Box Collider

Scripts:

Changing textures

guiTexture.texture = newTexture;

GameObject.Find(“levelGUI”).GetComponent(GUITexture).enabled = false;

[ExecuteInEditMode]

public enum RuntimePlatform
{
OSXEditor = 0,
OSXPlayer = 1,
WindowsPlayer = 2,
OSXWebPlayer = 3,
OSXDashboardPlayer = 4,
WindowsWebPlayer = 5,
WiiPlayer = 6,
WindowsEditor = 7,
IPhonePlayer = 8,
PS3 = 9,
XBOX360 = 10,
Android = 11,
NaCl = 12,
LinuxPlayer = 13,
}

C# Scripts:

Script to open doors:

void OnControllerColliderHit(ControllerColliderHit hit)
{
if (hit.gameObject.tag == “door”)
{
Door(doorOpenSound, true, “dooropen”, currentDoor);
}
}

void Door(AudioClip clip, bool isOpen, String animationName, GameObject theDoor)
{
audio.PlayOneShot(clip);
theDoor.transform.parent.animation.Play(animationName);
}

Ray Casting

RaycastHit hit = new RaycastHit();

if (Physics.Raycast(transform.position, transform.forward, out hit, 5))
{
if (hit.collider.gameObject.tag == “door”)
{
//Do whaterver here
//Play door open sound, animation, etc…
}
}

Triggers

void OnTriggerEnter(Collider collisionInfo)
{
if(collisionInfo.gameObject.tag == “healtBar”)
{
health++;
Destroy(collisionInfo.gameObject);
}
}

Rotation script:

transform.Rotate(new Vector3(0,rotationAmount,0));

Instantiate(object to be created, position of object, rotation of object);


GameObject myPrefab;
Instantiate(myPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);

Update()
{
    if(Input.GetButtonUp("Fire1"))
    {
   	 audio.PlayOneShot(shootSound);
   	 Rigidbody newBullet = Instantiate(objBullet, transform.position, transform.rotation);
   	 newBullet.name = "bullet";
   	 newBullet.rigidbody.velocity = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3(0,0, fltForce));
   	 Physics.IgnoreCollision(transform.root.collider, newBullet.collider, true);
    }
}

Remove object after a time

void Start()
{
    Destroy(gameObject, 5);
}

//Look at target
transform.LookAt(target.transform, Vector3.up);

//Slow motion turning
var targetRot = Quaternion.LookRotation(target.transform.position - transform.position, Vector3.up);
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Slerp(transform.rotation, targetRot, Time.deltaTime * turnSpeed);

//FixedUpdate should be used instead of Update when dealing with Rigidbody
void FixedUpdate()
{
    ...
}

Networking

public class Connect : MonoBehaviour
{
  string remoteIp = "127.0.0.1";
  int remotePort = 2500;
  int listenPort = 2500;
  bool useNAT = false;
  string yourIp = "";
  string yourPort = "0";

    // Use this for initialization
void Start ()
  {
      
  }

  void OnGUI()
  {
	if (Network.peerType == NetworkPeerType.Disconnected)
	{
  	if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 30), "Connect"))
  	{
    	//Network.useNat = useNAT;
    	Network.Connect(remoteIp, remotePort);
  	}

  	if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 50, 100, 30), "Start Server"))
  	{
    	Network.InitializeServer(4, listenPort, useNAT);

    	GameObject[] players = FindObjectsOfType(typeof(GameObject)) as GameObject[];
    	foreach (GameObject obj in players)
    	{
      	obj.SendMessage("OnNetworkLoadedLevel", SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver);
    	}
  	}

  	remoteIp = GUI.TextField(new Rect(120, 10, 100, 20), remoteIp);
  	remotePort = int.Parse(GUI.TextField(new Rect(230, 10, 40, 20), remotePort.ToString()));
	}
	else
	{
  	string ipAddress = Network.player.ipAddress;
  	string port = Network.player.port.ToString();

  	GUI.Label(new Rect(140, 20, 250, 40), string.Format("IP Address {0} {1}", ipAddress, port));

  	if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 50), "Disconnect"))
  	{
    	Network.Disconnect(200);
  	}
	}
  }

  void OnConnectedToServer()
  {
	GameObject[] players = FindObjectsOfType(typeof(GameObject)) as GameObject[];
	foreach (GameObject obj in players)
	{
  	obj.SendMessage("OnNetworkLoadedLevel", SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver);
	}
  }
}

Application.CaptureScreenshot(“Screenshot.png”);

Adding Grass

Tile Size 15 x 15

Adding Cliff

Tile Size 70 x 70

Adding Trees

Bend Factor: trees to sway in wind, make it 2.
Brush size: 15, painting 15 trees at a time.
Tree Density: 0 Wide spread of trees
Color Variation 0.4
Tree Height/Width: 1.5

Adding Grass (moving)

Brush size: 100
Opacity: 0.05
Target Strength: 0.6

Adding the “sun”

Directional Light:
Flare->Sun
Rotate it to fit Skybox

Adding Sounds

Stereo -> Constant Volume
Mono -> Variable Volume

In game music should be stereo

WAV, MP3, AIFF, OGG

Add audio source to object

Adding Background (Skybox)

Edit->Render Settings

Intersecting Lines

public static MapPoint IntersectionPoint(Polyline firstLine, Polyline secondLine)
{

  MapPoint mp = null;

  ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Geometry.PointCollection pointsLine1 = firstLine.Paths[0];
  ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Geometry.PointCollection pointsLine2 = secondLine.Paths[0];
  MapPoint firstLineStartPos = pointsLine1[0];
  MapPoint firstLineEndPos = pointsLine1[1];
  MapPoint secondLineStartPos = pointsLine2[0];
  MapPoint secondLineEndPos = pointsLine2[1];

  double Ua, Ub;



  // Equations to determine whether lines intersect

  Ua = ((secondLineEndPos.X - secondLineStartPos.X) * (firstLineStartPos.Y - secondLineStartPos.Y) - (secondLineEndPos.Y - secondLineStartPos.Y) * (firstLineStartPos.X - secondLineStartPos.X)) /

          ((secondLineEndPos.Y - secondLineStartPos.Y) * (firstLineEndPos.X - firstLineStartPos.X) - (secondLineEndPos.X - secondLineStartPos.X) * (firstLineEndPos.Y - firstLineStartPos.Y));



  Ub = ((firstLineEndPos.X - firstLineStartPos.X) * (firstLineStartPos.Y - secondLineStartPos.Y) - (firstLineEndPos.Y - firstLineStartPos.Y) * (firstLineStartPos.X - secondLineStartPos.X)) /

          ((secondLineEndPos.Y - secondLineStartPos.Y) * (firstLineEndPos.X - firstLineStartPos.X) - (secondLineEndPos.X - secondLineStartPos.X) * (firstLineEndPos.Y - firstLineStartPos.Y));



  if (Ua >= 0.0f && Ua <= 1.0f && Ub >= 0.0f && Ub <= 1.0f)
  {

    double x = firstLineStartPos.X + Ua * (firstLineEndPos.X - firstLineStartPos.X);

    double y = firstLineStartPos.Y + Ua * (firstLineEndPos.Y - firstLineStartPos.Y);

    mp = new MapPoint()
    {
      X = x,
      Y = y
    };
  }
  return mp;
}

Middle Point of a line:

double x = (X1 + X2) / 2;
double y = (Y1 + Y2) / 2;

Lightmapping

Set camera to deferred lighting on PRO
set camera to vertex lit on FREE and mobile
lightmapping does not affect batch.
lightmapping has more textures, so longer load times
use dual lightmaps